Financing ChallengesThe banks appar

Financing Challenges
The banks apparently regarded the prices quoted for the Eurotunnel project as fixed and set in stone, especially as the original cost estimates of TML, Eurotunnel and the banks' technical advisors differed only by a small sum
In early 1990, Eurotunnel announced that in order to complete the project it would need £9 billion, 50% more than the figure announced during the IPO in November 1987
However, in the summer of that year, some of the smaller banks withdrew their support for the loan
In 1990, Eurotunnel had spent only about £2 billion of the more than £6 billion raised in 1987, and therefore needed no further cash at that point. However, the problem was the clause in the loan agreement that required Eurotunnel to have enough cash in hand or on call to complete the entire project
One reason for the banks' reluctance to provide additional financing was the lack of government financial support and guarantees in such times of uncertainty
Not with standing, in its quest for additional funding, Eurotunnel made an upward revision of its revenue, profitability and market share estimates for the period from 1993 to 2042
According to the projections made in 1990, the ROE on the
Eurotunnel project was 14.4% over its 50-year life, lower than the rate that a fund manager would need to offer in order to obtain a lowinterest bank loan in 1990
Despite all this, it was clearly not in the interests of either the banks or the shareholders to allow Eurotunnel to fail at that point
In 1992, as TML filed a claim in court for an additional £I .5 billion, it became apparent that Eurotunnel would not be able to carry on without new financing
However, it was clear that without a new injection of funds soon after the opening, Eurotunnel would not be able to operate for long; the funds would be needed primarily to pay bank interest until cash flow breakeven was reached
mặc dù có rất nhiều những khó khăn về tài chính kể trên, tuy nhiên cá nhân tôi thì dự án này phải được diễn ra vì nhiều yếu tố. Đầu tiên phải kể đến yếu tố lịch sử. Ý tưởng về một đường hầm nối liền 2 quốc gia Anh Pháp để tăng cường sự thông thương đã có từ thời hoàng đế Napoleon 1 tuy nhiên mãi về sau, sau những quan ngại gây cản trở về mặt chính trị, an ninh thì dự án được hoàn thành. Dự án này giúp tăng cường sự liên kết thông thương của Nước Anh và phần còn lại của Châu âu. Về kinh tế, dự án này mang lại nguồn tăng trưởng kinh tế theo kỳ vọng rất lớn cho không chỉ nước Anh mà còn cả liên minh Châu âu.


mấy cái đoàn tiếng anh cắt rời sâu nối lời văn giúp ớt cho nó thành 1 đoạn văn dài nhé.

ok


câu 5


Điều này trong trường hợp này là hoàn toàn chính xác, đây là một dự án lớn và màng tầm vóc quốc tế, đây được xem là đường hầm xuyên biển dài nhất thế giới cho đến thời điểm hiện nay, vì vậy, việc gặp phải những khó khăn trong quá trình thi công là điều không thể tránh khỏi. Do đó các nhà quản lý dự án phải có trách nhiệm tìm kiếm giải pháp để thực hiện cho được dự án này bởi các yếu tổ về chính trị, kinh tế, số tiền đầu tư để hoàn thành dự án. Trên thực tế cho thấy, các nhà quản lý dự án và chính phủ cả hai nước đã rất cố gắng trong việc hỗ trợ bằng việc gia hạn thêm 10 năm thời gian khai thác cho đơn vị eurotunnel tới năm 2052 dẫn đến việc khánh thành đường hầm tháng 5 năm 1994. Trong những khó khăn hiện nay trong bài gặp phải, khó khăn lớn nhất là mâu thuẫn giữa TML và Eurotunnel về các điều khoản trong hợp đồng. do việc Eurotunnel lại ra đời sau và hoàn toàn bị động về các bản hồng đồng đã dc ký kết trước đó. Đây chính là trở ngại lớn nhất. Từ đó sự trì trệ tiến độ của công trình dẫn đến việc các bên cho vay, các cổ đông đều đứng ngồi không yên.

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Financing ChallengesThe banks apparently regarded the prices quoted for the Eurotunnel project as fixed and set in stone, especially as the original cost estimates of TML, Eurotunnel and the banks ' technical advisors differed only by a small sumIn early 1990, Eurotunnel announced that in order to complete the project it would need £ 9 billion, 50 percent more than the figure announced during the IPO in November 1987However, in the summer of that year, some of the smaller banks withdrew their support for the loanIn 1990, Eurotunnel had spent only about £ 2 billion of the more than £ 6 billion raised in 1987, and therefore needed no further cash at that point. However, the problem was the clause in the loan agreement that required Eurotunnel to have enough cash in hand or on call to complete the entire projectOne reason for the banks ' reluctance to provide additional financing was the lack of government financial support and guarantees in such times of economic uncertaintyNot with standing, in its quest for additional funding, Eurotunnel made an upward revision of its revenue, profitability and market share estimates for the period from 1993 to 2042According to the projections made in 1990, the ROE on the Eurotunnel project was 14.4% over its 50-year life, lower than the rate that a fund manager would need to offer in order to obtain a lowinterest bank loan in 1990Despite all this, it was clearly not in the interests of either the banks or the shareholders to allow Eurotunnel to fail at that pointIn 1992, as filed a claim in the TML court for an additional £ 1.5 billion, it became apparent that Eurotunnel would not be able to carry on without new financingHowever, it was clear that without a new injection of funds soon after the opening, Eurotunnel would not be able to operate for long; the funds would be needed primarily to pay bank interest until breakeven cash flow was reachedAlthough there are many financial difficulties, however I personally then this project must be cast out because of several factors. First are the historical factor. The idea of a tunnel connecting England to France 2 to enhance the trade already from the time of Emperor Napoleon 1 However, after all these concerns hinders political, security, the project was completed. This project helps strengthen the trade links of the UK and the rest of Europe. Economically, this project brings economic growth sources under huge expectations for not only Britain but also the European Union.the English crew cut loose deep connection the text helps the peppers give it a long paragraph.OKquestion 5This thing in this case is completely correct, this is a great project and reflective of international stature, it is the longest sea tunnel in the world until the present time, therefore, the difficulties encountered in the process of construction is inevitable. So project managers are responsible for finding a solution to this project made to be by the elements of politics, the economy, the amount invested to complete the project. On the reality show, project managers and Governments of both countries was very trying for the support extended by another 10 years time mining for eurotunnel units by the year 2024 leading to the opening of the tunnel in May 1994. In the current difficulties in the encounter, the greatest difficulty is the contradiction between TML and Eurotunnel about the clause in the contract. due to the Eurotunnel and after again completely passive about the dc Council has pink signed earlier. This is the biggest obstacle. From there the stagnation of progress of the work leading to the lender, the shareholders were not sitting still.Chat Conversation EndType a message ...

Results (English) 2:

Financing Challenges
The banks apparently regarded the prices quoted for the Eurotunnel project as fixed and set in stone, as the original cost Especially Estimates of TML, Eurotunnel and the banks' technical Advisors differed only by a small sum
In early 1990, Eurotunnel announced có print order to complete the project it would need £ 9 Billion, 50% more coal the figure announced in November 1987 IPO khi the
Tuy nhiên, in the summer of có year, some of the smaller banks withdrew support for the loan có
in 1990, Eurotunnel Had only spent about £ 2 Billion of the £ 6 Billion raised more coal in 1987, and therefore needed no further cash at that point. Tuy nhiên, the problem was the clause in the loan agreement Eurotunnel to have required có enough cash in hand or on call to complete the entire project
One reason for the banks' reluctance to cung additional financing was the Lack of government requirements and Guarantees Financial support in vd times of uncertainty
Not with standing, in the quest for additional ITS Funding, Eurotunnel made an Upward revision of nó your revenue, profitability and market share for the period from 1993 Estimates 2042 to
projections made in theo 1990, the ROE on the
Eurotunnel project was nó 14.4% over 50-year life, the rate Really Lower coal would need to offer fund managers in order to lấy a bank loan in 1990 lowinterest
Despite all this, it was not in the Interests of Clearly the banks or the shareholders hoặc to allow Eurotunnel to fail at that point
in 1992, as filed a claim in court TML for an additional £ .5 Billion I, it became apparent có Eurotunnel would not carry on without thể new financing
Tuy nhiên, it was clear without a new có injection soon after the opening of Funds, Eurotunnel would not thể thực for long; Funds would be needed the chính to pay bank interest cash flow breakeven was reached off until
although there are a lot of financial difficulties mentioned above, however, I personally do this project must be happening because of many factors. First to mention the historical elements. The idea of a tunnel linking the two countries to strengthen English French trade had since the Emperor Napoleon 1 but ever after, after concerns hinder the political, security, the project completed. This project helps to strengthen the trade links of Britain and the rest of Europe. Economically, this project which will generate economic growth under great expectations for not only the UK but also the European Union.


Little english union cut the deep connection to its wording peppers into 1 help section long documents offline.

ok


verse 5


of this Article in this case is absolutely correct, this is a big project and international stature membrane, this tunnel is considered the world's longest sea until the present time instead, the difficulties encountered during the construction process is inevitable. Therefore the project manager should be responsible for finding solutions to perform for this project by the political factors, the economic, the amount of investment to complete the project. In reality shows, project managers and governments in both countries have made an effort in support of the extended 10-year exploitation period for Eurotunnel Units to 2052 led to the inauguration of the road tunnel in May 1994. in the current difficulties encountered in all, the biggest difficulty is the conflict between TML and Eurotunnel on the terms of the contract. Eurotunnel due to the age and completely passive about the pink copper has previously signed dc. This is the biggest obstacle. Since then delays the progress of the works leading to the lenders, shareholders are fidgety.

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