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1. Compulsory reserves
in credit activities and payments, commercial banks have the capacity to turn the initial deposit into the new deposit system, the ability to generate multiple credit, ie the ability to create money. To control this capability, forcing the central bank to commercial banks deduct a portion of the money raised in a prescribed ratio to the central bank sent no interest. Hence the operation mechanism of the reserve requirement tool to control the ability to create money, limiting credit growth multiples of commercial banks. Reserve requirement ratio is the ratio between the amount of means of payment need to control (being "disabled" in terms of payment) of total deposits in order to adjust the solvency and credit ability of the commercial Bank. When high inflation, the central bank increased the reserve requirement ratio, lending capacity and solvency of banks shrunk (by reducing the money multiplier), the volume of credit in the economy reduction (reducing the money supply) lead to rising interest rates, reduced investment and therefore reduces aggregate demand causes the price reduction (reducing the inflation rate). Conversely, if the central bank lowered the reserve requirement ratio increases ie the ability to create money, the supply of credit by commercial banks also increased, the volume of credit and payment volume tends increase, while increasing trend to expand the volume of money. The same argument as above, the increase in money supply will lead to price increases (inflation increase). Such tools required reserve impose administrative anonymous direct, powerful and extremely important to cut craze inflation, restoring economic activity in the case of developing economies and unstable Once the tool opens rediscount market is not strong enough to be able to undertake regulate money supply to the economy. But tools required reserves too sensitive, because only small changes in the required reserve ratio for the amount of money has risen dramatically difficult to control. On the other hand a further disadvantage when using tools required reserves to control the money supply as the increase in reserve requirement could cause liquidity problems for the banks now have reserve excess is too low, change the required reserve ratio continuously can also cause unstable situation for banks hang.Chinh so use reserve requirement tool to control the money supply thereby controlling inflation found little use in the world (especially the developing countries, with stable economy)
2. Rediscount
is a mode for central banks put money into circulation, performed the role of lender of last resort. Through the rediscount, the central bank has created the first base system to promote commercial banks do create money, and payment cleared. Rediscount is the central focal point to raise money, increase the volume of currency in circulation. Therefore directly affect the volume controls and operating cash monetary policy. Depending on the situation of each stage, depending on the requirements of the implementation of monetary policy in that period, to implement the policy of "loose" or "tight" credit that central bank interest provisions low or high. Rediscount interest rate set forth from time to time to effect guiding and directing credit interest rates in the economy of that period. When the central bank raised interest rates forced rediscounting commercial banks to raise their interest rates on credits to non-capital losses. Due to increased interest rates credit, reduce "demand" for credit and led to reduced demand for cash (the need for keeping the people's money decreases). Therefore investors reduced aggregate demand leads to falling prices reduce and make (the rate of inflation decreased). Ie otherwise central banks stimulate supply and demand for currency and price increases (inflation increase). in countries directly operational instruments to perform the rediscounting commercial paper, or other types of bills are a common tool in the money markets and capital markets, but in our country there is not a traditional tool to make the discount and rediscount. On the other hand rediscount tool had the ability to solve the solvency has likely expanded credit volume for the economy. So can for rediscount tool is two-dimensional medium suction pump has pushed. When filling out the extra money supply for the economy, when the phenomenon of deflation. And pumping to withdraw the money when the economy is the phenomenon of inflation. However, when the central bank set the discount rate at a certain level will occur significant changes in the gap between the market rate and the discount rate because then lending rates unchanged. These fluctuations lead to changes in the external intention discount lending volumes and thus changes in the money supply makes control of the money supply more strenuous. This is a limitation of the rediscount tool in controlling inflation.
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