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flexible. These properties make it suitable for fabrication of films and coatings for food packaging applications (Orsuwan et al., 2016; Reddy and Rhim, 2014; Santana et al., 2014).Improvement of physical, mechanical and functional properties of bio-based composites may be achieved by incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). There is an increasing interest in zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) for food contact applications, as this inorganic mate-rial has been used in food, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, amongst others (Al-Naamani et al., 2016; Al-Naamani et al., 2017). Zinc oxide (ZnO) is listed in a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Zinc is an essential element for human physiological activities, and 10 mg/person/day is needed (EFSA CEF Panel, 2015). ZnONPs are also known to exhibit low toxicity to biological systems (Espitia et al., 2016).ZnONPs have been synthesized using various physical and chemical methods (Ekthammathat et al., 2014; Rashad et al., 2014; Tee et al., 2016; Tian et al., 2015; Vakulov et al., 2017). Recently, the biological methods for the synthesis of ZnONPs have attracted much attention due to its convenience, lower cost and environment-friendly processes (Chauhan et al., 2011; Govindaraju et al., 2011). Various plants and their
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