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Thepresentation of this report in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Exploring the role of community for successful CBT implementation in CambodiaChapter 1: An IntroductionSotear Ellis3 | PageDevelopment (WCED), and reaffirmation of this definition in the ' Agenda 21 ' presented at theEarth Summit in 1992, has firmly the ' sustainable ' well-grounded in sustainable development aspertaining to the sustainability of natural resources (United Nations Departments forEconomic and Social Affairs, 1992).The purpose of sustainable development, with this environmental focus in mind, is to seek abalance between economic gain and environmental resource conservation with long termbenefit. This theory found application in heavy industry and businesses as environmentalawareness became a critical factor of profitability and marketability (See Pokharel & Larsen,2007; Searcy, Karapetrovic, & McCartney, 2005; Sherry, Halseth, Fondahl, Karjala, & Leon,2005).Slowly, sustainable development has expanded out from these areas and found tourism.Yet, the original grounding in environmental sustainability has followed, and much literatureinvestigating sustainable development in tourism has continued to focus on environmentalconservation. This reflects the increased awareness of environmental issues in society, andIndeed the focus of recent research in tourism on environmental impacts of tourismoperations in destinations.However, there is evidence of a shift from the specificity of this environmental focustowards more holistic approaches. This has led to a clarification of the definitions ofsustainability in terms of tourism, towards a definition which includes environmental andeconomic sustainability, with an increasing level of awareness of social and cultural issues.And thus, with this viewpoint, sustainable tourism is defined in its own right.The Emergence of Sustainable TourismThe World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has defined sustainable tourism:"Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists andhost regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It isenvisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way thateconomic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintainingcultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and lifesupport systems. " (World Tourism Organization, 1998, p. 20)This definition is widely used in tourism research. It builds on the ambiguous definition ofsustainable development, highlighting the need to consider specifically, key stakeholders,being the tourist and the resident community, along with the need to balance development(economic, social and physical) with maintenance of cultural and natural resources.However, it possesses its own ambiguity that allows the definition to be interpreted in manyways (Gilmore, Carson, & Ascenco, 2007; Kelly & Moles, 2000).
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