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Severe restriction of feed from an average of 5.3 kg/d to 2.6 kg/d (i.e. severe restriction of all dietary nutrients including energy, protein and essential amino acids) also reduced sow milk yield from 10.1 to 6.6 kg/d on days 18 to 24 of lactation. However, in the same study, only a small reduction in milk yield was seen on days 7 to 14 (from 8.3 to 7.0 kg/d). These studies emphasize that nutrition of the lactating sow is important, but that if dietary supply is inadequate, lactating sows use their body fat and muscles as nutrient buffers to support milk production. This was demonstrated elegantly by King and Dunkin (1986), where sows were fed lactation diet at one of six levels (1.5 to 4.8 kg/d). The study revealed that sows compensated for insufficient feed intake by increasing nutrient mobilization from the body. Piglet growth, which was used as an indicator of milk production, was only with in the fourth week of lactation, whereas sows were able to compensate for insufficient dietary supply during the first three weeks of lactation. However, it must be kept in mind that severe body mobilization during lactation is well known to have negative how on subsequent performance ofreproduction, such as with litter uniformity at birth or increased weaning-to-oestrus interval. Preventing low feed intake by sows during lactation is therefore essential for sow longevity.
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