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switching from fossil fuels to hydrogen could dramatically reduce urban air pollution, less dependence on oil and reduce greenhouse construction that threatens the serious climate change. With these benefits, the United States, European Union, Japan and other countries have spent billions of dollars on hydrogen initiative aims to revving up the technology and push it to the market.
Companies Car and pumped billions into energy building hydrogen fuel stations. The report from the National Academy of Sciences and the American Physical Association concluded that the researchers faced major challenges.
The list of the difficulties in the production of hydrogen. The cheapest way is by using steam and a catalyst. Pete Devlin, who runs a program to produce hydrogen at flowers in energy, is that it costs $ 5 to produce the amount of hydrogen releases energy as a gallon of gasoline.
Outside stripping hydrogen from fossil fuels, DOE and other donor agencies are supporting research creative ideas to produce hydrogen with algae, use sunlight and a catalyst.
if hydroges cheaply produced with researchers scratching their heads, enough storage its on a vehicle that they are completely confused. Because hydrogen is the lightest element, far less of it can fit into a given volume than other fuels. At room temperature and pressure, hydrogen occupies more space rougly 3,000 times as gasoline containing the same amount of energy. That means storing useful amounts of a fuel tank requires compressing it, liquefying it or using some other form of advanced storage systems. Unfortunately, containing gas is cumbersome, taking up to four times the mass of a conventional fuel tank to match the distance driven by a gasoline engine.
The other areas that need improvement hydrogen fuel cells to power conversion. Fuel cells used to power the spacecraft, but their high cost and other constraints have kept them out of everyday applications, such as automobiles. Various technical challenges - such as making them rugged enough to withstand the shock of driving and ensure the safety of the truck with flammable hydrogen gas - is also likely to make hydrogen car to engineers costlier and slower to win public acceptance.
cars hydrogen fuel cells also faced an obstacle from the outside: the infrastructure they need to refuel. If hydrogen is generated at the plant focuses, it will have to be trucked or pipeline to its final destination. But because of low density of hydrogen gas transportation on a long distance is too inefficient and expensive to be practical - at least with current technology
it would need a large infrastructure to supply hydrogen goods . For a hydrogen economy to catch the fuel must be available in 30-50% of the gas station when Proposition hydrogen vehicles become available, Mr. Bernard Bulkin, the former chief scientist at BP. energy and car companies are less likely to spend that money unless they know the mass production of hydrogen cars are on the road. "We had a chicken and egg problem will be difficult to overcome," said Michael Ramage, a former chief executive of ExxonMobil vice president of research and engineering, who led the hydrogen NAS report.
because many of these problems require fundamental breakthroughs, many US studies of the first questions heavy emphasis on demonstration projects expensive fuel cell cars, fuel supply stations and other technologies. To respond to the litany on making the transition to a hydrogen economy, Jo Ann Milliken, head of research for the reason hydrogen energy, indicating that the energy and the funding agencies are not finished exlusion push reseach hydrogen energy. She said the truth can not be ignored, "we need an alternative to petrol: hybrid gas will improve fuel economy," but they can not solve the problem. "
Well, if that is the case, many energy experts argue the government should spend a lot of money to reduce technical barriers and economical to all kinds of alternative energy - hydrogen include - and take it to reality soon.
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