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discontent is called the maintenance factor (Hygiene Factors) - external factors.
Encouraging factor is the agent of satisfaction, job satisfaction, such as:
- Achieving the desired results.
- The recognition of the organization, leadership and colleagues.
- Responsibility.
- The progress, advance in their careers.
- Growth as desired.
Factors maintaining the agent of employee dissatisfaction at work in an organization, it may be due to:
- mode, the policy of the organization.
- The monitoring of the work is not suitable.
- The working conditions do not meet the expectations of employees.
- Salaries and remuneration inappropriate or contains elements not fair.
- Relationships with colleagues "problematic".
- Relations with the level (superior, subordinate) not achieve satisfaction.
For factors that motivate, if tackled properly, will create satisfaction thereby encouraging employees work hard, harder. But if not resolved well, creating unsatisfactory situation but not necessarily cause discontent. Meanwhile for the maintenance factor if the settlement is not possible to create dissatisfaction, if solved would create discontent status is not in doubt, but the state of satisfaction.
This theory helps administrators know the factors causing dissatisfaction for employees and thereby seek to eliminate these factors. For example, employees may be dissatisfied with their jobs because wages are too low, superiors too strict supervision, relationship with colleagues is not good. Thus, managers must find ways to improve wages, reduced monitoring and colleagues built the better. However when the factors causing dissatisfaction are removed, there is no means employees will be satisfied. If you want to motivate people, make them happy in the job, the administration will need to address factors such as achievement, recognition and job assignment. For example, employees will feel satisfied with the work when they are given the right skills and his personality, have the opportunity to learn, improve their skills and career advancement.
• Theory Vroom expectations
expectations theory proposed by Victor Vroom in 1964. Maslow and Herzberg Unlike, Vroom does not focus much on demand, which is mainly focused on results. Maslow and Herzberg research on the relationship between internal demand and efforts to produce results in order to satisfy internal demand, the longer the separation Vroom effort (arising from the dynamics), actions and effective. He said that the behavior and motivation of people not necessarily be determined by the reality that it is determined by the perception of people about their expectations for the future.
This theory revolves around three basic concepts or three connections:
expectancy (expectation) is the belief that effort (effort) will lead to good results. This concept is influenced by the following factors:
- The availability of appropriate resources (time, people ...)
- Ability to perform.
- The support necessary to perform the task (information, supervision, direction ...)
Instrumentality (engine characteristics) is the belief that good results will lead to rewards. This concept is expressed through the relationship between action (performance) and rewards (rewards), are affected by specific factors such as:
- Clarity of effective links between work and reward workers receive.
- Trust the fairness of who may decide to reward / punishment.
- Trust in transparency in determining bonus / penalty
Valence (Valence): Reflecting the importance level of reward for the work done. This concept is expressed through the relationship between reward and personal goals (personal goals). Factors affecting chemotherapy:
- The effort to encourage work.
- The effectiveness of achieving commensurate with the rewards received.
- The interest in the results / rewards that individuals receive.
Vroom said that employees are motivated only when their perception of all three concepts or three relationships on a positive. In other words, they believe that their efforts will produce better results, results which lead to rewards and rewards that are meaningful and consistent with their personal goals.
Because the expectations theory is based on the perception of workers, should have the possibility to work in the case is the same company with the same position as each other but have the motivation to work are not the same , due to awareness on the different concepts. For example, an employee seeking promotion at work, then the promotion has a high valence for the employee. An employee who believes that when you do good will be appreciated, the staff has high expectations, whereas the employee will not build their expectations if not trust the results of his work are recognized leaders.
Application of this theory into practice might find want employees to be motivated towards certain objectives (in line with the objectives of the organization), the manager made
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