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1.3.1.2Huy capital through the issuance of valuable papers.
Today, the business activities of commercial banks, competition is an indispensable element. The banks compete on deposit rates and lending rates. In the field of raising capital, banks must always find ways to be able to raise enough funds to serve the needs of its use of capital. The banks are not only using the traditional tools to raise funds but also offer new tools to be more effective to raise funds easily meet their capital needs. Since then, bonds and bank bonds were born. These are valuable papers confirming bank debt holders. Bonds are issued regularly and have short terms (from 3.6 to 12 months). Longer term bonds is usually greater than 1 year.
The issuance of promissory notes and bonds have the advantage of banks to help mobilize the right amount of capital required and is to meet the demand for capital funding goods. However, the cost of capital is relatively high due to the bank to pay a higher rate of traditional forms of mobilization.
1.3.1.3Huy capital through borrowing.
a) loans to other banks.
In the course of operations, financial soft loans to other banks can market through the interbank currency. The cost of capital is usually high and the short duration of use. The banks lending to each other in various forms: overnight loans, term loans, extended contracts.
b) central bank borrowings.
central bank loans to commercial banks in the form of discount of valuable papers. The purpose of central bank lending to commercial banks are: monetary policy implementation, ensuring safe banking system. The cost of capital is higher or lower depending on the monetary policy of the central bank. Suppose the central bank wants to increase the money supply, the central bank will reduce the discount rate, which in turn stimulates the central bank more commercial bank loans thereby increasing the availability of credit to the economy, promote economic development and vice versa.
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