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In the repercussion of Enron's bankruptcy filing, numerous Enron executives were charged with criminal acts. Those charges were fraud, insider trading and money laundering. Enron was described as the "House Of Cards" as it was built over a pool of gasoline. It all became sort of smoke and mirror. Louis Borget, former Enron's CEO was also exposed to be consistent, rerouting money to offshore accounts. Once their schemes were discovered by the auditors, Kenneth Lay encourages them to "keep making us millions". However, the traders were fired once it was revealed that Enron's reserves were gambled away which nearly destroyed the company. After these facts were brought to light, Ken Lay denies having any knowledge of wrongdoing. Needless to say, when required to testify before the U.S. Congress on the reasons for Enron's collapse, Ken Lay, Jeff Skilling and Andrew Fastow, sought refuge under the Fifth Amendment. Andrew Fastow, Jeffrey Skilling, and Kenneth Lay are among the most notable top-level executives implicated in the collapse of Enron's. Kenneth Lay, the former chairman of Enron was prosecuted on 11 criminal counts of making misleading statements and fraud. Jeff Skilling, former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Enron was charged on 35 counts that included conspiracy wire fraud, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements on financial reports. Andrew Fastow, former Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Enron's, faced 98 counts of money laundering, fraud, and conspiracy in connection with the improper partnerships he ran. This included a Nigerian power plant project that was aided by Merrill Lynch, an investment banking firm. However, Fastow was pled guilty of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and the other was the charge of conspiracy to commit wire and securities fraud. 10 years prison term and the forfeiture of $ 29.8 million was agreed by him. The activities of Lay, Skilling and Fastow raised eyebrows on how closely they did adhere to the Enron Code of Ethics. Jeff Skilling made one condition when he was hired by Ken Lay after Louis Borget was behind the bars, which is Jeff must use "mark-to-market" accounting. This mark-to-market term allowed Enron to book potential future profits on the very day a deal was signed. No matter how little cash actually came in the door, to the outside world, Enron's profits could be whatever Enron said they were. It is very subjective as well as very manipulative. Prior to collapse, an article on how Enron made its money was prepared by Bethany McLean, an investigative reporter of Fortune magazine. In the article, she called Enron's then-CEO, Jeff Skilling, to seek explanation of its "nearly incomprehensible financial statements". Consequently, Skilling became agitated with McLean's question. He told her that the line of questioning was unethical and hung up on McLean. To meet up with McLean, Andrew Fastow together with two other key executives traveled to New York City, allegedly to answer her questions "completely and accurately". After the meeting, Fastow told Bethany and the auditor that "I don't care what you write about the company, just don't make me look bad." Fastow had good reasons for not wanting to look bad. There were these partnerships that were run by him that were doing business with Enron. These were disclosed in the company's financial statements. Fastow Skilling idolized. To please the boss, Fastow had to figure out a way to keep the stock price up by hiding the fact that Enron had 30 billion in debts. He was defying laws of financial gravity by a structure called the ' financial structure '. The foundational values of the company's ethics code was challenged when Fastow indulged in numerous activities. Fastow concealed on how significantly Enron was involved in trading as the company has essentially volatile earnings that aren't rewarded in the stock market with high valuations. The high market valuation was indispensable to prevent Enron from collapsing. Not only that, an operating partnerships called as related party transactions was set up by Fastow to do business with Enron. During this timeline, Fastow was exempted from the company's ethics code by Enron's board and top management. Lay was described as one of the key leaders and organizers of the criminal activity and massive fraud that lead to Enron's bankruptcy. Yet, he maintains his innocence and lack of knowledge of what was happening. He blames virtually all of the criminal activities on Fastow. However, Sherron Watkins, the Enron whistleblower key, maintains that she can provide examples of Lay's questionable decisions and actions. This is what Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind a fellow investigative reporter had to say: "Lay bears enormous responsibility for the substance of what went wrong at Enron. The problems ran wide and deep, as did the deception required in covering them up. The company culture was his to shape. " Ultimately, the actions of Enron's leadership did not match the company e
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