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4. murder, violence and conflict.In countries experiencing recent conflict, often hard to avoid violence, an indispensable influence happened after a conflict or a low-intensity conflict continued, starting from violence linked to other criminal activities. The formal end of an armed conflict does not necessarily turn into an immediate cessation of all hostilities, and the effort to discern violence of conflict and violence is unrelated to the conflict should consider the actual huông in which various types of violence often cannot distinguish and match. PM insights about the nature of lethal violence and crime in the country after the conflict or those countries emerging from conflict are very important in clarifying the current challenges that the country faced, as well as enhance the stability following this for them. Rising violence in such a manner is extremely necessary to solve all the roots of the conflict, including preventing the random violence by organized crime and interpersonal violence occurs in places where there are weak institutional and legal rules are not tight.The homicide in places where it may be because the violence is connected to other criminal activity, conflicts between individuals or political agenda of the society, 3 types are given in Chapter 2 of this study. A significant portion of the killings in the slightly later conflicts involving other criminal activities can grow in places where law enforcement mechanisms is also weak. Next to the crime. Besides the usual crime types, the scope of the impact of the violence involving organized crime increasingly seems true to a number of countries have recently experienced conflict, however it is difficult to quantify. Research has started going into the relationship between the recovery scenes of conflict and the formation of criminal organizations and related violence in which the criminals have found those adept to exploit an illegal way the vulnerability of the legal system. An example of this problem is to mention the changing drug routes to exploring thoroughly the later conflict and decline in West Africa in the mid-2000s, as well as the exploitation of natural resources, and violence are linked in many countries during the scenes of conflict. The criminal activity, including organized crime, transnational exhaust the social economic capital that could be used to develop the economy and improve the social cohesion, and that can lead to violence, destabilizing and could become an armed conflict.Interpersonal violence in areas where the scenes of conflict that often left the remnants of a conflict could easily escalate, especially if criminal status being processed is still rampant. Violence can become a side of life, a criterion in the society of those who live in and experiencing armed conflict. For example, a dispute between individuals regarding land tenure and benefits as pets can become violent in countries where conflict resolution mechanisms no violence is still weak or non-existent. In such a context, both men and women can be victims of physical and sexual violence, even within the family and outside the social community in General. Violence is often assisted by the availability of guns and other weapons, not to mention the old gas ready for use of desperate young people, those young people were hurting, homeless and unemployed. Many of them have suffered violence in the older conflicts make chai doldrums and become callous.Violence and development.Although the nature of the crime and conflict are different, both are bad for the security and the development of the country. In fact it is difficult to make a direct cause and effect relationship as such by any means, but also arguing that violence developing direction in many parts of the scenes of conflict. According to research by the World Bank, poverty reduction in countries affected by violence, on average less than one percent on the year compared with most countries not affected by violence, and perhaps significantly more than after a few years. The "development lag" is especially focused in countries vulnerable to and affected by the conflict because the institutionalized non weak, so they are less likely to attract more investment in development of the country not affected by conflict.The effects of violence usually lasts: several studies have shown that the literature for the nation was experiencing a civil war since 1960, the average required 14 years of stable peace to return to the path of growth before the conflict erupted. There is a consensus in the international scientific community that deadly violence often stems from the circumstances of poverty, deprivation, inequality and injustice, social discrimination and the weak legal system. The money took charge of the "global study of murder in 2011", has demonstrated that the level of violent crime is lower than that usually associated with higher levels of development, as well as a lower level of income disparity.Tackle the root causes of violence and crime, strengthening legislation, judicial assistance and legal mechanisms to resolve conflicts as ways to reduce violence and support for the development. In those countries are having to deal with the remnants of conflicts and related risks of conflict, this is an important step in preventing the return of armed conflict. Murder carries a high social value trính, which usually have links with programs related to power, also dominated in several recent country experiences conflict. This is especially true for countries where the causes of the armed conflict there cannot be resolved fully and the distinction between the conflict-related deaths and deliberate murder is vague. for example, noting the deaths due to intentional murder can coincide with noted civil casualties due to the conflict, making the difficulty to determine the types of policies and efforts to prevent the need for implementation of the criminal justice sector.There are a number of challenges in the conduct of research on crime and violence in Chelsea at war. For example, there is little or no data base money conflicts of value to those countries mentioned in this chapter, and have the ability to reduce law enforcement agencies and judicial bodies to complete their tasks, such as the register of criminal offences and their statistical reports. The analysis in this chapter has been selected as the representative of the activity or task of preserving the peace of the United Nations has launched the official statistics available concerning the situation of crime and violence in his correspondence.Furthermore, there are different standards of security awareness in countries emerging from conflict, because people may be aware of the level of crime is relatively low compared to the period of conflict, thus not reported that they were victims of such crimes. However, information from the Census count, including awareness of security and safety that can provide the specific supplements. In addition, due to the enhancement of every step of the security agencies and the judiciary in these countries are analysed in this chapter, the process of data collection and reporting through the better years leading to an increase in reports of crime or increase the reported and stored only in certain regions to have access to the service. So, the comparison between countries and compared over time should be done in a way important. Despite such challenges, the content of this chapter attempts to provide insight about the way and trend of violence, murder and violent crime in those countries that have recently experienced conflicts.The countries mentioned in this chapter have experienced various conflicts in the years after the official end of their conflict, but that all the struggles with crime and other capabilities as the factors in the late war. In some countries, the challenges of security, not only in relation to a conflict that also involves an increase in the level of crime, in some other countries, there was a positive trend is to reduce violence and increase security because of the perception of the people. However, these countries do not show the same trend. For example, because of institutional weakness of his, all the countries analyzed in this chapter are faced with the challenge of
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